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  • Bamboo Eagle puts 13th ATF Combat Support to the test

    One part of Exercise Bamboo Eagle at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, allowed the 13th Air Task Force Command Element to demonstrate its ability to repair a runway under simulated combat conditions—another of the many challenges presented in the eight-day multinational joint exercise.

  • Checkertails execute Exercise Noble Panther 25-2

    The 325th Fighter Wing tested and strengthened its capabilities to deploy and operate in an austere environment during Exercise Noble Panther 25-2 at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, Feb. 18-28, 2025.

  • New reef project at Tyndall AFB aims to protect against storms

    On October 21, 2024, a groundbreaking project began at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, to build a special kind of oyster reef that could protect the base from future storms. This new reef, which combines both man-made materials and living oysters, is part of an innovative effort funded by the U.S.

  • Tyndall F-35 deliveries resume

    The 325th Fighter Wing received several newly-upgraded F-35A Lightning II aircraft over the past few months—a welcome delivery after a year-long manufacturing delay.

  • 325th OSS weather flight protects Team Tyndall during hurricane season

    Rain or shine, the 325th Operations Support Squadron weather flight is responsible for providing accurate, real-time data to base commanders to ensure and maintain mission readiness. With a total-force team of 20, their primary focus is to protect people and assets through weather watches, warnings

  • Tyndall CPTS secures future readiness with strategic budgeting

    The 325th Fighter Wing annual budget undergoes their end-of-fiscal-year closeout ensuring that spending aligns with the base commander’s priorities. These budget reviews help optimize resource utilization, maintain accountability of spending and ensure the financial health of the unit, ultimately,

  • Resilience in keeping the mission alive

    In the sweltering heat of the Florida sun, a tall six-foot-two-inch Airman walks down the flightline at Tyndall Air Force Base. With silver-framed glasses and a green reflective belt adorned with a cobra snake proudly displaying his squadron’s initials, MXS, he runs his hand down the side of an

  • Tyndall AFB Flight Medicine ensures mission readiness

    In the world of military aviation where precision and readiness are non-negotiable, the 325th Medical Group offers specialized treatment and comprehensive services that are designed to ensure that Airmen are mission-ready by providing comprehensive healthcare tailored to their unique operational

  • History turned digital preserving Tyndall's past

    Through vivid interactive maps, immersive storytelling and the power of visuals Coffman’s project, History turned Digital, takes historical archives, and turns it into a web format offering a fresh approach to learning history. He aims to make the 325th Fighter Wing’s history more accessible and

  • Deployment readiness at the forefront

    UDMs play a crucial role in managing the deployment process, tracking personnel readiness and facilitating the deployment of the right people at the right time to support the mission. They review deployment taskings received from higher headquarters, in Tyndall’s case, Air Combat Command, and match

  • Tyndall's LO Airmen protect F-35 stealth capabilities

    The 325th Maintenance Squadron low observable maintenance unit plays a crucial role in maintaining F-35A Lightning II aircraft at Tyndall, ensuring its stealth features stay ready via four major means: visual, infrared, audio and radar.

  • Airey NCO Academy open house

    The Airey NCO Academy open house was an opportunity to showcase operational capabilities, discuss changes in the enlisted professional military education as well as what impacts this will have on the local infrastructure, community, and talk about the future warfighter mindset and culture.

  • Cable Dawgs are wired for challenges

    Airmen across the installation rely on the 325th Communications Squadron cable and antenna systems unit, or “Cable Dawgs.” Whether it’s sustaining network functionality or enabling unrivaled air combat power, Cable Dawgs are the backbone for effective communications across Tyndall, encompassing the

  • Filtering water on Tyndall Air Force Base

    As Tyndall continues to grow into the Installation of the Future, ensuring the quality of groundwater across the installation is an important consideration that the Air Force and contractors are taking seriously by extracting, treating and testing potentially contaminated water while still

  • Bioenvironmental engineering safeguards Team Tyndall

    The 325th Operational Readiness Squadron bioenvironmental engineering flight guarantees an optimal environment by conducting health risk assessments, providing preventative care medicine and monitoring a variety of environmental factors.

  • ACC Command Team visits the Installation of the Future

    Gen. Ken Wilsbach, commander of Air Combat Command, Chief Master Sgt. David Wolfe, ACC command chief, and their spouses, visited Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, May 21-22, 2024, to gain direct insight into the 325th Fighter Wing’s mission transition and installation rebuild.

  • Vermont Air Guard Tests Weapon Systems in Florida Exercises

    More than 175 Airmen and a dozen F-35 Lighting IIs from Vermont’s 158th Fighter Wing joined Airmen, Marines, Soldiers and Sailors from across the country for three weeks to participate in the Weapons System Evaluation Program and Checkered Flag exercises at Tyndall Air Base, Florida.

  • 95th FS reaches 1,000 flight hours

    The 95th Fighter Squadron, Tyndall Air Force Base, recently hit a benchmark of flying 1,000 hours in the F-35A Lightning II, a testament to the squadron's dedication to the mission as the first aircraft only arrived at the unit in August 2023.

  • Tyndall leads the way in Air Force eco-conscious fire protection

    In 2024, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, became the first Air Force installation to transition to the fluorine-free foam within its fire departments, effectively replacing the aqueous film-forming foam that contained Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. The new foam is a primary component of a

  • Tyndall answers CSAF’s Call for Change amidst Great Power Competition

    Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. David Allvin, his spouse Gina, and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force David Flosi visited Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, April 25, to speak with Airmen and witness firsthand the strides made in response to the imperative Case for Change initiative.

  • Florida Air Force Reserve group returns to the Tyndall skies

    The 44th Fighter Group, Air Force Reserve, conducted their first flying Unit Training Assembly at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, April 6, 2024, since returning to Tyndall. This training proved valuable for the pilots and maintainers by giving them hands-on experience with F-35A Lightning II’s and

  • Tyndall takes medical readiness to the next level

    Large-scale exercises such as Ready Eagle enable Airmen in becoming mission-ready by refining skills such as command and control, triage, decontamination, patient tracking, communication skills and mental preparedness among the various medical teams.

  • 95th FS and FGS complete first training deployment

    Airmen from the 95th Fighter Squadron and Fighter Generation Squadron recently executed their first F-35A Lightning training deployment to Truax Field, Wisconsin Air National Guard Base, March 1-16, 2024.

  • Gulf Range Training Complex: building the Range of the Future

    The 325th Fighter Wing recognizes the imperative need for innovation and readiness against potential adversaries who continue to modernize their military capabilities. By utilizing new equipment provided by Air Combat Command, Tyndall continues to develop the “Range of the Future.”

  • NDI: finding cracks in the system

    Whether it’s a tiny crack unseen by the naked eye or a significant defect, non-destructive inspection specialists can identify and analyze damages in aircraft equipment and systems.

  • Team Tyndall advances combat capabilities with F-35 munitions training

    The 325th Fighter Wing recently performed a Rehearsal of Capabilities drill, Airmen from the 325th Munitions Squadron, 95th Fighter Squadron and the 95th Fighter Generation Squadron prepared, loaded and deployed simulated munitions from the F-35A Lightning II for the first time since the aircraft

  • 148th FW participates in WSEP 24.04

    The 148th Fighter Wing, Minnesota Air National Guard, participated in the latest iteration of the Weapons System Evaluation Program, WSEP-East 24.04 at Tyndall Air Force Base, Jan. 16-19, 2024. WSEP is a joint program designed to evaluate air-to-air and air-to-ground live fire weapons employment for

  • 'If I can do it, you can do it'

    Every week, thousands of family members and friends show up to watch their loved ones graduate U.S. Air Force Basic Military Training. In July 2015, a proud father, along with his wife and youngest son, went to Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, to watch his eldest son graduate from BMT. But

  • Dad’s workshop prepares Tyndall members for fatherhood

    U.S. Air Force Airmen must maintain and undergo vigorous training to remain capable of projecting combat airpower around the globe. But what training do these combat ready airmen receive when becoming a brand-new parent? With this experience in mind, Tyndall’s Family Advocacy Program formed “Dads:

  • Tyndall celebrates the opening of four new fire facilities

    Team Tyndall celebrated the construction of four fire facilities, Sept. 27, 2023, at Tyndall Air Force Base. The four new facilities are the first buildings to be completed and officially transferred from contractors to the U.S. Air Force since the base was devastated by Hurricane Michael almost

  • 82nd ATRS rescues aerial targets

    The 82nd ATRS watercraft section manages three Missile Retriever boats that are equipped with cranes and trained divers specializing in locating and recovering aerial targets which have landed in the water.

  • Building the Future: Tyndall Academy

    Education serves as a cornerstone for societal progress, offering individuals the knowledge and skills to navigate life's challenges. Yet, for military families, this fundamental right often intertwines with unique and formidable obstacles. Knowing these challenges, Tyndall Academy and Bay District

  • 82nd ATRS facilities near completion

    With construction nearing completion, the 82nd Aerial Target Squadron prepares to take ownership of their new large and small boat facilities. The facilities sustained significant damage following the impact of Hurricane Michael in 2018 and are a part of the Department of Defense’s largest rebuild

  • No Comms; No bombs

    Whether it’s daily maintenance on the Air Force’s most advanced network architecture, notifying the installation about natural disasters or combating adversary cyber-attacks, the 325th Communications Squadron is at the forefront ensuring mission success.

  • SERE-iously prepared for every situation

    The two-man SERE team from the 325th Operations Support Squadron Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape is new to Tyndall, but not unfamiliar to operational fighter wings across the Air Force. As the “Installation of the Future” continues to evolve into a fully combat-capable F-35A Lightning II

  • Long awaited F-35 aircraft touch down at Tyndall

    As the Air Force continues to evolve by modernizing its capabilities and maintaining air superiority in an ever-changing global security landscape, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida has officially transitioned from an air dominance training mission to a fully combat capable F-35A Lightning II fighter

  • 2023 Hurricane Season; are you prepared?

    Every year members of Tyndall must organize and prepare for Hurricane season. For the Emergency Management flight, it is their responsibility to prepare, prevent, mitigate, recover and respond to any natural disasters or chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear events both man-made and

  • The first strike; F-35A Lightning II training engine arrives to Tyndall

    While pilots are most often the first thing that comes to mind when a fifth-generation fighter jet zooms overhead, it’s the maintainers and ground support that keeps an aircraft airborne. Recently, the first piece of maintenance training equipment arrived at Tyndall - an F1-35 maintenance trainer

  • Slow and steady builds the flightline

    The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers awarded a $532 million contract towards 12 construction projects that will have direct impact on the incoming F-35A Lightning II mission. Beginning in September 2022, construction on the Zone 1 complex has furthered the transformation of Tyndall into a high-tech,

  • New Mission, New Equipment

    The 325th Fighter Wing has begun the process of acquiring new aerospace ground equipment in preparation for the incoming F-35A Lightning II mission. With new equipment ready to go, the 95th Fighter Generation Squadron will continue the checker tail legacy of projecting unrivaled combat airpower with

  • The life and death of WSEP missiles

    Tyndall Air Force Base is one of the select few locations in the U.S. Department of Defense where weapons system testing with live-fire missiles is a regular activity. Tyndall’s prime access to the Eastern Gulf of Mexico (EGOMEX) provides aircraft of all shapes and sizes with an airspace large

  • Sharing the love and thunder: F-35A Lightning Mission

    In preparation for the incoming F-35A Lightning II fighter mission, local civic leaders and Airmen from Team Tyndall had the unique opportunity to tour the Lockheed Martin F-35 production facility in Fort Worth Dallas, Texas, April 26, 2023. No matter the installation, community support is vital to

  • Forging the future through children

    The 325th Fighter Wing recently invited children, teachers, and board members with the Bay County Elevate Bay program to tour Team Tyndall’s “Installation of the Future”. The Elevate Bay program aims to support and encourage at-risk children in Bay County by connecting them with role models from the

  • The 43d Fighter Squadron's final sting

    Since 2002, the 43d Fighter Squadron has been training and preparing F-22 Raptor pilots for global air dominance. Amidst the 325th Fighter Wing’s mission transition from training to warfighting, the F-22 B-Course began moving to Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia, making the eight student pilots of

  • HSRT keeps 325th FSS deployment ready

    Tyndall Air Force Base continues to take steps towards readiness in contingency settings, most recently, by hosting Home Station Readiness Training for the 325th Force Support Squadron at Tyndall’s Silver Flag training site.

  • 177th Fighter Wing Conducts Operations at WSEP

    Airmen from the 177th Fighter Wing traveled to Tyndall Air Force Base to participate in the Air Force’s air-to-air Weapons System Evaluation Program (WSEP), also known as Combat Archer training, January 12 -27, 2023. F-16 Fighting Falcon pilots, maintainers, and support staff launched and recovered

  • 325th MUNS; ‘Para Bellum’

    The 325th Munitions Squadron is currently conducting a 100% munitions inventory. The squadron provides maintenance, accountability, serviceability, and stock record of the wing’s munitions stockpile as well as all required support equipment according to established Air Force and Department of

  • Tyndall holds first-ever EALS-C training

    Tyndall held its first-ever Mission Essential Equipment Training course on the new Expeditionary Airfield Lighting System Jan. 27. The 801st RED HORSE Training Squadron operates one of three Silver Flag locations across the Department of Defense lighting the way for new war-fighting capabilities by

  • Tyndall Rebuild makes ABM history

    The 337th Air Control Squadron, call sign "The Doghouse" is looking forward to the completion of its new training facility, a 30,000 square foot building equipped with everything the next generation of air battle managers need.

  • A Raptor in Hill Country

    TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE, Fla. -- An F-22 Raptor previously assigned to the 325th Fighter Wing was loaded onto a C-5 Galaxy and taken from Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, to the Hill Aerospace Museum located at Hill AFB, Utah, after being retired earlier this year.

  • WSEP supports 94th FGS’s first MCA team mission

    Fighter generation squadrons across the U.S. Air Force are fostering Cross Utilization Training and the Multi-Capable Airmen concept as the service branch continues towards operationalizing Agile Combat Employment to ensure a sustainable force of Airmen and airpower at any time and any place. The

  • Checkered Flag 23-1 Concludes

    Tyndall Air Force Base wrapped-up Checkered Flag 23-1 exercise today, after two weeks of rigorous flying operations.

  • Lightning within [F-35]

    325th Fighter Wing leadership along with Airmen from across the installation toured the Lockheed Martin F-35 facility in Fort Worth, Texas, Oct. 20, 2022. Col. George Watkins, 325th FW commander, and Chief Master Sgt. Wayne Sharp, 325th FW command chief, thought this would be a great opportunity for

  • Hammer and An Arrow

    Tyndall Air Force Base hosted biannual exercise Combat Hammer and Combat Archer respectively during two-week-long Weapon System Evaluation Program-East 23.01 to provide squadrons from across the Department of the Air Force a multi-platform training environment to conduct air-to-ground and air-to-air

  • 94th FS and 94th FGS makes history at WSEP 22-12

    The 94th Fighter Squadron and 94th Fighter Generation Squadron assigned to the 1st Fighter Wing, Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia, broke the record for the most air-to-air missiles loaded and employed by an F-22 Raptor unit during the two-week-long Weapons System Evaluation Program at Tyndall Air

  • T-38s, F-35s sync for pilot training

    The 2d Fighter Training Squadron and the 61st Fighter Squadron, stationed at Luke AFB, Arizona, traveled to Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho, to conduct the capstone for student pilots in the F-35A Lightning II basic course, Sept. 12-23, 2022.

  • 337 ACS: WST Airmen Secure Freedom of the Skies

    Helping to develop mission ready Airmen is the 337th Air Control Squadron, whose primary duty is to produce air battle managers for the U.S. Air Force, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve. Working behind the scenes to help make this happen is Airman 1st Class Austin Mills, a weapons simulation

  • Tyndall breaks ground on flight line facilities for F-35A mission

    A groundbreaking ceremony for the single largest military construction contract on record in the Air Force database was held here, Sept. 13, 2022, as Tyndall began construction on flight line facilities to directly support the F-35A Lightning II aircraft and personnel that will call the base home

  • What Makes a “Future Base”

    With the intent of continuing the mission, building resiliency and staying on the cutting edge of innovation, the U.S. Air Force made the decision to transform Tyndall Air Force Base into the “Installation of the Future” in late 2018. This would mean that while recovering from Hurricane Michael’s

  • Cross Utilization Training and the 43d FGS

    Accelerating change and encouraging innovation are some of the most important doctrines a military can pursue when preparing for 21st century warfare. The Cross Utilization Training program is one of many efforts put forth by the U.S. Air Force to build a force of multi-capable Airmen. The CUT

  • Tyndall ROCs and rolls with future flight line construction rehearsal

    With the largest rebuild in Air Force history well underway, the 325th Fighter Wing, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center are ensuring the nearly $5 billion project goes to plan. “The end goal is to rebuild Tyndall and

  • Tactical care makes casualties rare

    Self-Aid Buddy Care is being replaced by Tactical Combat Casualty Care, a training which implements the best medical practices in battlefield trauma care. Since TCCC has been developed, the U.S. military currently has the best casualty survival rate recorded in history. TCCC is now the accepted

  • Who you gonna call? Deployment managers!

    UDMs act as liaisons between various Air Force units and the individual tasked to deploy. Although the position can be stressful, many UDMs still enjoy the job and the help they provide to their team. One thing UDMs agree on is how important the people aspect of the job is.

  • DAF OSI, Det. 223 keeps Team Tyndall safe from cyber, fraudulent activities

    The U.S. Military is constantly being tested by adversaries from every angle. While traditional war with service members running into battle might come to mind, nowadays, Americans today must also worry about threats online. The Department of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations’ job is to

  • Mac and Gudger: Defending Tyndall

    Staff Sgt. Dailan Gudger, 325th Security Forces Squadron military working dog handler, has a responsibility to protect and defend Tyndall with his canine partner by his side. Together they sniff out explosives, narcotics and chase after the occasional bad guy.

  • New technologies drive Tyndall’s Installation of the Future rebuild

    The Air Force Civil Engineer Center’s Natural Disaster Recovery Division has been at the forefront of implementing new technologies to reshape Tyndall Air Force Base into a model of adaptability, efficiency and sustainability for the Department of the Air Force and Department of Defense. Established

  • 325th Maintenance Squadron armament; making fighter jets lethal

    The 325th Maintenance Squadron armament flight supports the 325th Fighter Wing’s mission of training and projecting unrivaled combat power no matter the struggles they may face. The armament flight at Tyndall Air Force Base is responsible for ensuring weapons systems are operationally ready by

  • 325th Maintenance Squadron fabrication; saves lives, resources

    The 325th Maintenance Squadron employs a multi-faceted approach to executing the mission of aircraft maintenance by bringing back shops to work together as a cohesive team. This is accomplished by the fabrication flight; an overarching effort encompassing nondestructive inspections (NDI),

  • Tyndall rebuild is gearing up for simultaneous dynamic improvements 

    The Tyndall rebuild effort is gaining momentum with a series of new military construction (MILCON) awards. Since April, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has awarded seven new contracts, nudging the Air Force Civil Engineer Center’s Natural Disaster Recovery Division closer to the midpoint of the

  • Training required for motorcyclists

    After Florida’s brief winter, Tyndall heads into a new season and members may be interested in purchasing and riding a motorcycle. Before rushing to the open road, Airmen and Guardians should keep in mind there are annual training requirements prior to operating a motorcycle.

  • Checkered Flag: All Gas, No Brakes

    Team Tyndall is still going strong during #CheckeredFlag 22-2 and the 325th Logistics Readiness Squadron’s petroleum, oil, and lubricants Airmen are all gas, no breaks.

  • Here comes the bang

    The 53rd Weapons Evaluation Group hosts a Weapons System Evaluation Program almost monthly at Tyndall Air Force Base. The 325th Munitions Squadron prepares all the munitions for each of these exercises, which usually involve one or two units. WSEP-East 22.08, held May 9-20, 2022, pushed the unit to

  • Team Tyndall ramps up for aircraft exercises

    Checkered Flag is a large-force aerial exercise held at Tyndall which fosters readiness and interoperability through the incorporation of 4th- and 5th-generation aircraft during air-to-air combat training. The 22-2 iteration of the exercise was held May 9-20, 2022. The 53rd Weapons Evaluation

  • Record contract awarded for F-35 facilities at Tyndall AFB

    The Air Force Civil Engineer Center’s Natural Disaster Recovery Division, part of the Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center enterprise, is leading the rebuild, partnering with USACE to support the 325th Fighter Wing and its F-35 Program Integration Office to deliver the strategic vision

  • Forecasting for the fight

    The 325th OSS weather forecasters worked alongside Air National Guard personnel during Sentry Savannah 22-1, held May 2-13, 2022, at the Air Dominance Center in Savannah, Georgia. The article covers their responsibilities and experiences during the event.

  • Tyndall moves full speed ahead for Checkered Flag exercise

    The airspace and roadways surrounding Tyndall Air Force Base are busy as the installation moves full speed ahead into Checkered Flag 22-2, May 9-20, 2022. Checkered Flag is one of the Department of Defense’s largest air-to-air exercises, designed to test and improve air combat capabilities and

  • The first RED HORSE training squadron is up and ready to run

    The 823d Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers, Detachment 1, inactivated and the 801st RED HORSE Training Squadron was activated during a ceremony at Tyndall Air Force Base, April 26. This is the Air Force’s first RED HORSE training squadron and their mission is

  • Maintaining stealth capabilities

    LO, commonly known as stealth, is one of many capabilities that allows the aircraft to achieve air dominance in contested airspace while remaining undetected, ensuring the U.S. Air Force remains lethal to adversaries in the 21st century while retaining the wellbeing of pilots.

  • AF crowns Readiness Challenge VIII winners, plans FOC event in 2023

    Following a more than 20-year competition hiatus, the Air Force civil engineering community crowned winners of the Air Force Civil Engineer Readiness Challenge April 22, 2022. The Air Force Civil Engineering Center planned and facilitating the competition, with support from AFIMSC, and a partnership

  • Tyndall's newest honorary commanders

    On April 13, 2022, Tyndall Air Force Base inducted 25 members of the local community as the base’s newest honorary commanders. These individuals will be a part of Tyndall’s initiative to maintain the strong relationships between the base and local community through mutually beneficial professional

  • Tyndall fire department first EMT course

    The 325th Civil Engineer Squadron hosted Tyndall Air Force Base’s first emergency medical technician course and produced 10 National Registry of Emergency Medical Technician certified firefighters last month.

  • Zero Eyes; helping 325th SFS detect, deter potential firearm threats

    The 325th Security Forces Squadron at Tyndall Air Force Base is leading the way in advancing technology and innovation by serving as the first unit to test revolutional, preemptive base security measures. The squadron is partnering with Zero Eyes, an artificial intelligence, software-based system,

  • Tyndall’s F-35 Program Integration Office; supporting future missions

    The 325th Fighter Wing is slated to receive F-35A Lightning II aircraft beginning in September 2023 in a move that supports the National Defense Strategy by furthering air superiority goals. As the “Installation of the Future” readies for its new mission set, Tyndall personnel and contractors are

  • Tyndall’s Hololab debuts as virtual gateway to Installation of the Future

    The Digital Twin Hololab went live yesterday at Tyndall AFB to showcase the base’s digital transformation as part of Installation of the Future efforts. These cutting-edge planning concepts and innovative technologies will be integrated across the base and enable numerous capabilities for the

  • 82ND ATRS modernizes missile retriever boats

    Tyndall Air Force base is proving their commitment to spearhead innovation by recently making progress on a $5.1 million project used to revamp three missile retriever boats assigned to the 82nd Aerial Targets Squadron. The 82nd ATRS, a tenant unit at Tyndall belonging to the 53rd Wing, operates the

  • More than just US; Tyndall supports international training missions

    The 308th Fighter Squadron traveled to Tyndall to finish six student pilots’ basic course training on the F-35A Lightning II as well as continue training programs for transitional students and instructor pilots. The 308th FS training organization is unique as it caters to both domestic and foreign